Models and Practices to Support Children with Disabilities

Models and Practices to Support Children with Disabilities Custom curriculum Needs Course Level 3. Task number 1. Section 1 Framework the legitimate and administrative prerequisites for kids with inabilities or explicit necessities. Notwithstanding the conditions all youngsters have rights to be dealt with decently and legally. Negative treatment could incorporate, Direct separation could incorporate denying a youngster access to the setting. Circuitous segregation perhaps just presentation data in a single language. Segregation because of incapacity kids having less chances to participate in exercises than other youngsters. Youngsters with uncommon instructive needs or inabilities likewise have extra legitimate and administrative prerequisites to advance consideration and shield from separation. These incorporate, The Equality Act 2010 permits youngsters to get a similar access to open and private administrations. Making open to all, for example incline or braille. This advances equivalent chances and consideration for all kids. The Children’s and Families Act 2014-this is a solitary evaluation process that will bolster youngsters from 0-25yrs. This is an EHC-Education, Health and Care plan. This demonstration requires kids and families to be engaged with choices about their consideration. It additionally puts a lawful obligation for schools to offer proper help to youngsters with ailments. Uncommon Educational Needs and Disabilities code of training: 0-25yrs. This gives direction on arrangements and systems that are set out to a limited extent 3 of the children’s and families act 2014. Associations utilizing this are, all neighborhood specialists, NHS trust, Local early year’s suppliers and free and expert schools. The standards supported in the code are, Perspectives and wishes of the youngster and carers. Partaking in conversations and getting the data and backing to settle on the correct choices. Offer help to accomplish the most ideal results. When following these standards the help ideally will prompt associations offering quality help for all who have handicaps and extraordinary instructive needs. The code of training intends to evacuate boundaries to learning for all kids and that early ID and mediation from all administrations can bolster them. The United Nations Convention on privileges of the youngster. This record give rights and privileges to all youngsters paying little mind to conditions and their needs. There are 54 articles that clarify the rights. A few models are, Article 12-expresses the perspectives on the kid ought to be tuned in to and regards. They don't give authority over grown-up sees yet can be considered. Article 23-traces that youngsters have rights to get exceptional consideration and backing to empower to live full and free lives. Article 31-obligation to have the option to play uninhibitedly inside the earth. The Unites Nations Convention on the privileges of people with Disabilities. Human rights arrangement that offers rights to handicapped individuals. It traces methods of diminishing the hindrances. Article 7 blueprints for kids what must be considered, Every important measure ought to be considered to have full interest as others do. Essential thought ought to be to their greatest advantage. Ought to have rights to communicate their perspectives and suppositions that influence them, and to be paid attention to. The Special Educational Needs and Disability guidelines 2014-this came in to impact on the first September 2014. It sets out the necessities for neighborhood experts for getting to youngsters and youthful people’s needs and drawing up their EHC. It expects them to talk with guardians and to keep all associated with the consideration educated all through the entire procedure. A reference to this is taken from, (Ref, Dovenston. M. (2006) Primary Special Educational Needs, Exeter. Learning Matters Ltd). It says that it perceives that guardians hold key data and have an assortment of one of a kind aptitudes, information and comprehension about their youngster. This can give a decent equalization of data expected to get the kid the best. Section 2. Clarifying the significance of working comprehensively with youngsters with handicaps or explicit prerequisites. It is imperative to advance equivalent open doors for kids by having a domain liberated from segregation. All youngsters ought to have the chance to be taught inside a standard setting with offspring of every blended capacity. Having a youngster focused methodology will assist with addressing their requirements and reinforce the kid. Model, visual schedules, signs in various dialects. Access to the entire school through slopes. All these are use at the school which I work at. Two models of inabilities are: Clinical model inability, this is the point at which it is viewed as an ailment. They are marked by their condition. As they center around the inability, qualities and interests of the kid can be over looked. Social model incapacity, this perceives everybody has rights. Mentalities towards incapacities is from ‘society’ not the person. Methods of advancing comprehensive practice are: Regard the kid. Sympathy showed by professionals. Kids are engaged. Their inclinations are at the focal point of your arranging. Models, utilizing the Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and Annual surveys to get together to talk about these. Great equivalent open doors which are a lawful necessity, which isn't discretionary, will advance incorporation inside the setting. A portion of the stratagies utilized are recorded underneath: Cause everybody to feel welcome. Regard and worth the person. Plan utilizing their inclinations. Assets and materials used to advance a positive picture. Professionals to show inspirational mentalities. Manage prejudicial language and conduct in the right way. Section 3. The advantages of cooperating with guardians and different experts. At the point when you are associated with giving consideration and backing to youngsters, guardians must be counseled and included. This will give understanding to have the youngsters are at home, and it is aware to the family. Alongside guardians the utilization of outer organizations give assistance. Models: I have contact with a unique school who gives data to assist me with giving the best to the kid I work with. The SEND Code of Practice gives a blueprint of the rules that are expected to keep up a positive working relationship with the guardians: Talk with the youngsters and guardians when evaluating administrations All suppliers should bolster guardians adding to the audits of the EHC plans. Make plans to give counsel and data to the youngsters. These are all from the new SEND code of training 2014 0-25yrs. There are as yet various standards from the 2001 paper which are being used. These are, Utilize parental information on relationship with the kid. Concentrate on qualities just as their needs. Know about their sentiments. Ensure guardians know about and get strategies and give archives well ahead of time of any gatherings. Regard varying viewpoints. Regard needs of the guardians. The should be adaptable and furthermore organized inside the gathering. Working with different experts and offices you can give chances to acquire information and different methodologies to help in giving proficient consideration to the youngsters in your consideration. In school you will have an assigned individual who is accountable for the SEN youngsters. They are generally alluded to as the SENCO, (unique instructive needs co-ordinator.) they are answerable for offering help for the individuals who need it. My main responsibility is to help the learning of a kid balanced, who has learning troubles. I work and liaise with the SENCO specialist all the time to guarantee we are giving the best help and care for him. Together we have custom fitted an education program, and we have utilized outside organizations to give this material. These are: Speech and language advisor, and a Special school who have given us projects to utilize. (Ref, Dovenston.M. (2006) essential unique instructive needs, Exeter, Learning Matters Ltd) says,’ It is imperative to listen convey, accept counsel and offer data with every applicable gathering, however continually looking after confidentiality’. Different experts which can be engaged with care for kids are: Physiotherapist †to meet the physical needs of the kids. Give activities and treatment. Discourse and language specialist †devise a program including guardians and professionals to use with them. Wellbeing guests †give guidance and backing and help to teach families. Pediatrician †used to analyze a condition and potentially allude to different offices General professional †normally first purpose of contact and they will ordinarily make the referrals. Social specialist †have the job of give defending and security to kids. Additionally giving direction and functional assistance to families. Together all experts, professionals and guardians will assist with offering the help, information and care that a kid needs. Section 4 How professionals can adjust existing practices to help kids with inabilities or explicit necessities. During the most recent year or so various bits of enactment has been changed or undated, this incorporates the SEN code of training 0-25yrs. This implies all foundations who utilize these must assume liability to ensure that nature is an exclusive requirement to give the consideration required. Taken from, (www.eenet.org.uk 19.10.2014) they state that they should, Adjust to meet the necessities inside the enactment. All materials and assets are age and stage proper. Show uplifting mentalities. Consideration inside the learning condition. Have early mediation. Have positive good examples. The earth is a significant angle. Youngsters need to have suitable access to the structures, through inclines, security, high and bolted doors. Hav

Rationalism vs Empiricism Using Descartes 2nd Meditation & Hume Essay

Q3:What are the primary contrasts among realism and induction as ways to deal with information? Clarify the focal points and detriments of each, utilizing Descartes (Second Meditation) as the case of a realist, and Hume or Locke as the case of an empiricist. In your view which approach better clarifies the sound judgment information on the world that we underestimate? Good judgment information will be data we know and see unproblematically. It may be the case that a creepy crawly has six legs, your multiple times tables or that in noting a different decision test, it is a smart thought to acquire an elastic and fill your answers in pencil. It is data picked up from customary life. Epistemology is a philosophical term concerning the nature and constraints of information. It addresses right off the bat what is information, besides how is information gained and thirdly the impediments of information. Realism and experimentation are two methodologies which look to give answers to these inquiries (Cottingham, 1988). Experimentation sees that the advancement of ideas and thoughts are reliant on the faculties (Markie, 2008). On the other hand logic finds out that thinking, instinct and reasoning are a definitive vehicles to securing information, not tactile experience. These hypotheses don't really exist in restriction of one another, yet can exist together to portray how one perspectives the obtaining of information in various fields (Markie, 2008). All through this paper, I will talk about the focal points and disservices of each view utilizing Descartes’ ‘Second Meditation’ as opposed to Hume’s ‘Enquiry Concerning the Human Understanding’. I will at that point expand how the Empiricist viewpoint gives a superior clarification to good judgment information on the world we live in. Logic Rationalism is a technique where the basis of the fact of the matter isn't tactile yet learned and deductive. The rationalistic point of view gets by on the presumption that right off the bat, there is a balanced structure to the world and furthermore, that individuals have the ability to appreciate it. It uses the deductive strategies for rationale to give a model to all human information and depends on instinct (Markie, 2008). This isn't generally the situation, so this way of thinking can't be depended in all conditions. Logic is established on the proposition of Intuition/Deduction, postulation of Innate Knowledge or Innate Concept theory independently or in some blend (Markie, 2008). The Intuition/Deduction postulation recommends that in a specific branch of knowledge, some data is known by instinct alone or that information is picked up by reasoning from intuited recommendations. Encounters are unequipped for creating one’s information yet can catalyze thinking making information progress from obviousness to cognizance (Cottingham, 1988). The Innate Knowledge postulation states that some information is intrinsic inside mankind like DNA, as a feature of our sound nature. The Innate Concept hypothesis depends on the declaration that a portion of our ideas are not picked up as a matter of fact (Markie, 2008). The balanced nature naturally has an individual’s ideas. Sense encounters may catalyze a procedure by which ideas are better seen however experience doesn't give the ideas or decide the data they contain, reasonability does (Markie, 2008). Other minor hypotheses which are utilized less fundamentally to underwrite Rationalism are the Indispensability of Reason Thesis and the Superiority of Reason Thesis. The Indispensability of Reason hypothesis expresses that we gain information in a specific territory when we use finding and utilize instinct. The Innate ideas and occasions couldn't have been increased through the sense understanding. The subsequent strain stems that information picked up â€Å"a priori† through thinking is better than that increased through understanding (Markie, 2008). Concerning Descartes’ Second Meditation, he clarifies how levelheadedness can be utilized to get data that isn't totally given by the faculties through the case of the caps and covers (Descartes, 1984). Logic can give information which is in any case unreachable â€Å"Something which I thought was seeing with my eyes is in truth exclusively got a handle on by the staff of judgment which is my psyche. † Empiricism is the other part of epistemology, where information is found through understanding and perception, displayed on characteristic sciences. Information is â€Å"a posteriori† catalyzed by a tangible encounter (Markie, 2008). Observation did not depend on a conclusive complete sane arrangement of information however provides evident understandings and data, helpful for regular day to day existence (Hume, 1975). In David Hume’s piece â€Å"An enquiry concerning the human comprehension and concerning the principals of morals†, Hume indicates that theâ â€Å"†¦most vivacious idea is as yet sub-par compared to the bluntest sensation. † Hume adds that musings and thoughts are less energetic recognitions rather than impressions where we are urged to feel, understanding and will (Hume, 1975). He works his point through the case of the man in an attack of anger, instead of somebody considering embracing those emotions. Logic just reviews the data or experience. It is exceptional to the power from the first experience gave by induction. It may give the idea that musings are without similar limitations the body have (Hume, 1975). As a general rule they have ‘narrowly restricted cutoff points without any innovative force than intensifying, transposing, increasing or reducing the materials gave by the senses’. On the off chance that an individual is without the limit of one of the faculties, they are without the data given by that sense and are unequipped for understanding data connected to that sensation (Hume, 1975). Reestablishing that sense empowers them to get tangible information, empowering them to imagine the connected thoughts. This demonstrates the significance of the tangible experience and that without it understanding is unimaginable. Examination In my feeling, Empiricism better clarifies the good judgment perspective on the world. This is on the grounds that information increased through sane idea anyway much you can get it, isn't engrained or coordinated into your center convictions to a similar degree as that increased through substantial experience. Information increased through experience is all the more unequivocally felt and can be viewed as better than information picked up by reflection (Hume, 1975). Without an encounter of the subject in center, the data is confined and reflection can't continue to happen. Instinct and derivation, anyway applicable, are available to double dealing and can prompt erroneous suppositions. Individuals recently accepted the earth was level and the earth was the focal point of the universe, as this â€Å"information† fit their present diagrams. It seemed well and good however lead to wrong ends as it needed testing. It is through experimental perception that precise understanding was reached. Their balanced reasoning followed intelligent conclusion and was accepted to be right because of their instinct, however even levelheaded reasoning can be unsteady prompting incorrectly presumptions (Descartes, 1984). It is demonstrated that when individuals have firmly held convictions, they see data in such an approach to help their present comprehension and deny restricting perspectives, sifting through data that doesn't accommodate their present patterns like putting signals on a pony. In spite of the fact that they accept their considerations to be levelheaded, their forces of derivation are undermined and can be soundly off-base. This essentially constrains their capacity to pick up information (Descartes, 1984). End Rationalism and Empiricism are two particularly various perspectives identifying with epistemology and the level of information that the faculties give in the development of information. Logic through instinct, finding and levelheaded rationale discovers certain information which maybe can't be logically demonstrated through perception (Markie, 2008). Then again, Empiricism comprehends the job of tactile experience and perception so as to create one’s information. In actuality, both are helpful and even basic to the development of any information. References Cottingham, P (1988) The Rationalists, Oxford University Press. Oxford; New York Descartes, R. (1984) Meditations. Second Meditation, ‘The nature of the human brain, and how it is preferable known over the body’, deciphered by Cottingham, J. in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol II (Cambridge U. P. , 1984) pp 16-23 Hume, D. (1975) An enquiry Concerning Human Understanding [Section 2, ‘Of the Origin of Ideas’ (P. H. Nidditch, ed. , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975), pp17-22. Markie, P (2008), â€Å"Rationalism versus Empiricism†, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, saw second October 2011, http://plato. stanford. edu/sections/logic experimentation/.

Servant Leadership Guide Definition, Qualities, Pros Cons, Examples

Servant Leadership Guide Definition, Qualities, Pros Cons, Examples “The great leader is seen as servant first” â€" Robert K. GreenleafThe above quote lays its premise on a leadership theory that has gone to challenge traditional leadership models. Servant leadership is not entirely a new concept or a way to lead, but it hasn’t been intentionally applied until in recent decades when the idea took off in force. © Shutterstock.com | cristovaoIn this guide, we’ll explore what servant leadership is through the context of history and modernity. We’ll examine the different elements of the concept and consider the characteristics a good servant leader needs to possess. Finally, we’ll examine the advantages and disadvantages of servant leadership and explore a few examples of servant leaders and organizations.Ready? Enjoy the longest and most comprehensive guide on servant leadership.UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIPServant leadership combines both practical advice on how to be a better leader, as well as the philosophical notions of what it is to be a good leader. The theory has been evolving over time, with some of the ideas going back centuries.The historical contextThe basic idea of servant leadership is to challenge the traditional hierarchical leadership structures and question the idea of what it is to serve and to lead. The idea of serving others while leadi ng is not a new concept, as philosophers throughout the ages have talked about servitude as a virtue for leaders.In a classic Chinese text, Tao Te Ching, there are passages that talk about servant leadership. The text, which has been often attributed to the famous Chinese writer Lao-Tzu, discusses how the great leaders are not to be seen and who helps the people achieve things.There’s a passage in the text that states:The highest rulers, people do not know they have them The next level, people love them and praise them The next level, people fear them The next level, people despise them If the rulers trust is insufficient Have no trust in themProceeding calmly, valuing their words Task accomplished, matter settled The people all say, We did it naturallyBut perhaps an even clearer example of servant leadership in historical texts is the example set out in Christianity by Jesus. He embodied the idea that by serving others you can empower them and help them see the way. He didn’t p erform his miracles for recognition or fame, but to simply help the people in need.The clearest examples of Jesus’ model of servant leadership are found in the Gospel of Mark. In the gospel, there’s a passage, which says:Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be servant of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”Jesus didn’t merely talk about servant leadership and its benefits, he also led by example. A powerful example of servant leadership at the time was the act of washing the feet of his disciples. In the historical context of the time, the demeaning task was left for the lowest rank people. When Jesus performed this unthinkable act, he told his followers:You call me ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord’, and rightly so, for that is what I am. Now that I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet. I have set you an example that you should do as I have done for you. (NIV Bible, Gospel of John 13:13-15)Furthermore, the idea of servitude and leading as an example to the people has survived in many monarchies, as well as other political contexts. If you’ve ever watched an inauguration speech, you’ve probably noticed how the person swearing in tends to acknowledge of service to God, country and the people.For example, listen to the powerful speech by Queen Elizabeth II on her coronation in 1953: The modern contextThe idea of servant leadership was coined more thoroughly and brought to a modern business world by Robert K. Greenleaf. His book The Servant as Leader was published in 1970 and it still forms the basis of the theory to this day.Greenleaf developed his idea of servant as leader after he left ATT in 1964 from the posit ion of the Director of Management Research, Development and Education. He had worked for the company for 38 years. After his retirement he marked on a second career as consultant, further developing his ideas around servant leadership.The basic premise of Greenleaf’s servant leadershipFor Greenleaf, a servant leader was someone who was a servant first, with a natural inclination to serving others. In his essay, The Servant as Leader, he wrote:“It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. That person is sharply different from one who is leader first, perhaps because of the need to assuage an unusual power drive or to acquire material possessions.”While it might be easy to think, the historical examples of the above might have acted as a catalyst for Greenleaf, the spark for rethinking the idea of leadership and its structures came from his reading of fictional literature. The concept was largely stimulated by Herman Hesse’s Journey to the East.The book is a story about a group of travelers and their servant Leo. Leo performed menial tasks for the group and acted as the cheerful spirit of the group. But Leo suddenly disappeared one day, leaving the group in chaos and eventually ending their journey. Later, one of the group’s members met Leo and realized he was the head of the Order, which helped sponsor these journeys.Realizing the value of Leo’s actions, Greenleaf wrote in his essay:“this story clearly says â€" the great leader is seen as servant first, and that simple fact is the key to his greatness. Leo was actually the leader all of the time, but he was servant first because that was what he was, deep down inside.”Furthermore, another major inspiration or instigator to his theorizing was the 1960s and social upheaval within universities across the US. The era saw plenty of young people feeling hopeless about future prospects, something that is obvious across t he Western world today. To Greenleaf, part of the importance of the servant leadership concept is based on its ability to offer hope through awareness and self-understanding.In essence, servant leadership is something innate â€" the wish to serve is not something you instill on yourself, it is a feeling that comes from within. On the other hand, being a leader is only a status or a title â€" it is not a permanent position and it is given to you and can therefore be taken away. Therefore, by serving first, you can make a real difference.A big part of Greenleaf’s idea also looked at how the idea of servant leadership is not just an individualistic way to serve. He also saw that institutions could be servant, something he called ‘credo’. By creating more servant institutions, ones that focus on serving the employee first, you are able to instill change in society. This would then lead to a more loving and just environment for everyone.In his book, The Power of Servant-Leadership, Greenleaf said the only way to achieve a servant institution is if:“The people who inhabit it [the institution] serve better and work toward synergy â€" the whole becoming greater than the sum of its parts”Greenleaf went on to write a number of other titles on the topic. Some of his major publications include:The Institution as Servant (1972)Trustees as Servants (1974)Advices to Servants (1975)Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (1977)Servant, Leader and Follower (1978)Further writings and studies of the conceptGreenleaf sparked an interest in the theory and soon other writings and studies on servant leadership emerged. It has also gained traction recently with the issue of increasing income inequality, which has sparked questions over how modern organizations operate.Larry Spears, Executive Director of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership, has explored Greenleaf’s ideas and developed them further. In 1996, Spears w rote in an essay, Reflections on Robert K. Greenleaf and Servant-Leadership, the model is “a new kind of leadership model â€" a model which puts serving others as the number one priority”.Furthermore, Spears wrote in his 2005 essay, The Understanding and Practice of Servant-Leadership, that servant leadership is a model “based on teamwork and community” and that it “seeks to involve others in decision making…to enhance the personal growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of our many institutions”.Spears, as well as Robert C Liden and his colleagues, have identified different values and dimensions in the uses of servant leadership. This has sparked interest from behavioral scientists, such as E.E. Joseph and B.E. Winston in their 2005 essay A Correlation of Servant Leadership, Leader Trust, and Organisational Trust.The importance of values is a core part of leadership philosophy, as it shapes the way the leader behaves and acts. S. Chris Edmonds wrote i n his book The Culture Engine, “I define leadership as a person’s dedication to helping others be their best selves at home, work, and in their community”.It’s important to note that servant leadership is being developed in a standalone leadership style, but it can also be used as a complement to other leadership styles â€" mainly those that are democratic in nature.For further readings on the topic, you can check out the following books:The World’s Most Powerful Leadership Principle: How to Become a Servant LeaderPracticing Servant Leadership: Succeeding through Trust, Bravery, and ForgivenessYou should also watch the below talk by Anthony Perez on the future of servant leadership: CORE ELEMENTS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIPThe above section focused broadly on the history and development of the idea, but let’s turn our focus on the core principles of the servant leadership theory.Spears and other colleagues have identified four core tenets for servant leadership and the framewo rk for applying it. The four are: service to others, holistic approach to work, promoting a sense of community and sharing of power in decision-making.Service to othersService to others is often viewed as the moral component of the servant leadership theory. The whole concept is based on the leader taking the position of a servant in their interactions with the employees.The internal thirst to serve is “the key to greatness”, according to Greenleaf’s original essay. The primary purpose of a servant leader is to motivate others and bring about the greatness in others, with the organizational success being the indirect outcome of this approach.Therefore, a business shouldn’t emphasize the objectives of the organization, but to ensure the employees and the community it serves are reaching their goals. In essence, the element refers to ‘doing what’s right’ and could be part of an organization’s decision to use sustainable supplies, for example. Holistic approach to workT he second component relates to the emphasis servant leadership puts on serving for the benefit of others, not just that of the company. Greenleaf wrote in 1996 in his book On Becoming a Servant-Leader that, “The work exists for the person as much as the person for the work”.The holistic approach promotes the idea that individual employees, the organizations they work for, and the society as a whole are interconnected. As mentioned above, by instilling servant leadership in an institution, you can ultimately begin to change the world around you.The focus of a business should be about encouraging individuals to be who they are and supporting their personal goals and objectives first. For instance, employee benefits should be decided on the needs of the individual and not on the long-term interests of the organization.Promoting a sense of communityNonetheless, you also need to promote the success of all stakeholders. For servant leadership to work, you need different parts of the o rganization working together. In his original essay, Greenleaf called for an establishment of a community within organizations, with groups of individuals coming together. Members of these groups should not only be liable for themselves, but also for the group as a whole.To a business, the focus should be on ensuring different stakeholders from investors to employees are able to work together and to understand the common objectives.Sharing of power in decision-makingFinally, effective servant leadership requires collaboration in decision-making. In a sense, a servant leader must have a strong ability to self-reflect and to nurture participatory culture within the organization. R. F. Russell wrote in his essay The role of values in servant leadership in 2001, “Leaders enable others to act not by hoarding the power they have but by giving it away.”Servant leadership is about breaking the pyramid structure of power and decision-making. Instead, businesses should aim towards a more flexible process, whereas decision-making is shared. A good way of doing it is by promoting top-down innovation and fostering feedback within the organization. The above image highlights well the leadership structure of servant leadership compared to the traditional power model.10 CORE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIPIn his 2005 essay, Spears identified 10 core characteristics of servant leadership by examining Greenleaf’s writings.#1 ListeningServant leadership requires leaders to listen to other people, not just be good at communication and decision-making. Listening is about focusing on what the team is saying and using this information for guiding the group towards objectives.But listening should go beyond what’s being spoken in servant leadership. An effective leader should also identify the things that are left unsaid, as well as the inner voices.Listening in businessA leader should regularly organize team meetings and situations where the members of the team are able to voice opinions. The meetings should be a mixture of group discussions and face-to-face chats.Since listening is not just about the spoken word, a leader shou ld regularly venture amongst the team and assess the mood in the room. Conflicts can often be sensed and unhappiness felt without someone having to voice it out.How to improve your listening skills?In order to develop this characteristic a good leader would learn more about being attentive. This can be improved by understanding body language better and by improving the ability to give and receive feedback.[slideshare id=36689720doc=15bodylanguageblunders-140707011652-phpapp01w=640h=330]#2 EmpathyWith listening comes to ability to empathize. Since the focus of servant leadership is to serve others, you must be able to accept and recognize the individual values and feelings people have. Even when someone is underperforming at work, a servant leader should be able to love and understand him or her as humans.Empathy in businessIn a business environment, empathy is often hard to achieve because the focus is on company objectives and performance. But with servant leadership, the focus shi fts to the individual employee and his or her wellbeing.An empathetic leader wouldn’t just accept any behavior or performance, but instead of simply dismissing the team member, the leader would try to understand the behavior.How to improve your ability to be empathetic? When having a conversation, you should try to put your own viewpoints aside and openly listen to what the other person is saying. You need to be inquisitive and learn more about different ways of doing things. Instead of rejecting an idea or a thought, learn more about it to understand where the person suggesting it is coming from.#3 HealingServant leadership emphasizes the emotional health of an individual, together with mental and physical wellbeing. A servant leader should focus on his or her potential to heal one’s own self and others.To Greenleaf, healing refers to the idea of making oneself ‘whole’. The wholeness in one’s self is a universal desire and the leader’s role is to help team members to ac hieve this.Healing in businessIn a business context, healing would be achieved by ensuring there are enough support options employees can use. This could mean access to counselling, provision of proper healthcare facilities, a strong health and safety culture, and focus on self-development through courses and training.How to improve your healing abilities?As a leader, you should make the above resources a priority, but you can also help people achieve the wholeness by using the right approach. Ensure you don’t focus on just work-related things in your conversations with people, but also get to know how the person is doing.Make sure you read self-development guides and provide tips on what you’ve learned to your team. Ensure you are doing well mentally and physically to guarantee you have the strength to help others.[slideshare id=38494524doc=servantleadershipprinciples-illustratedagile-140829111348-phpapp01w=640h=330]#4 AwarenessServant leadership requires awareness, both in ter ms of general awareness and self-awareness. Self-awareness in particular requires the leader to see their own emotions and behaviors in the context of how it affects the rest of the team.Greenleaf wrote in his original essay, “Awareness is not a giver of solace â€" it is just the opposite. It is a disturber and an awakener. Able leaders are usually sharply awake and reasonably disturbed.” Through self-awareness, you become better at noticing what the people around you are doing and fix problems quicker.Awareness in businessSelf-awareness is tightly connected to the feedback culture within the organization. It is important that employees are able to provide feedback, not just on themselves and each other, but also the management and leadership.How to become more aware?The secret to awareness is taking a closer look inside you. Finding about your strengths and weaknesses is crucial for understanding your inner-self and how it affects others around you.You can learn more about your self through personality tests, such as Myers-Briggs. But more importantly, a good leader seeks for feedback from the team to learn more about how they are perceived and how their actions are influencing others.#5 PersuasionServant leadership doesn’t rely on authority to get things done. Instead, the concept uses persuasion in order to make a decision. Servant leader seeks for consensus rather than compliance, which is perhaps the biggest difference to traditional authoritarian models.In 1970, Greenleaf wrote, “A fresh look is being taken at the issues of power and authority, and people are beginning to learn, however haltingly, to relate to one another in less coercive and more creatively supporting ways”. The creative way refers to a personal relationship with the team, rather than a position of power.Persuasion in businessIn order to achieve organizational objectives, the business must build trust and enthusiasm within the team. By fostering good employee-leader relationshi ps, the team wants to get things done.In a large part, persuasion in business is highlighted by the organization’s need to ‘make their case’. Employees should be involved in the decision-making and explained what the objectives are and why, as this can help influence them in a positive manner to act.How to become more persuasive?For a servant leader, persuasion is an important tool and there are a few ways to master it. You can improve your body language, your communication and ability to sense when is the right time to talk and to listen.Finally, you should aim to be the expert in your field, as it can guarantee the team looks up to you and feels inspired by you. Show your own enthusiasm and expertise with your actions and it’ll inspire others.[slideshare id=14935877doc=persuasion-121029121731-phpapp02w=640h=330]#6 ConceptualizationGreenleaf said in Servant as Leader that a servant leader is able to conceive solutions to problems, which are not presently there. This kind of conceptualization therefore requires the leader the look beyond simple day-to-day realities.In a traditional leadership model, the leader’s focus is often on short-term operational objectives. But a servant leader must look beyond these and conceptualize issues that might not even be on the horizon.Conceptualization in businessDifferent stakeholders will have unique roles in determining the short- and long-term objectives. Conceptualization is often left at the trustees or directors, but these boards can be hung up with daily business operations and overlook the importance of visionary conceptualization.As employees should mainly focus on operational efficiency, trustees on visionary approach, then the role of the leader is to bring balance in these two approaches.Therefore, whilst it’s important a leader is on top of the day-to-day operations and makes sure these are efficiently implemented and achieved, the leader must also look beyond short-term objectives and develop a visi onary strategy for the future.How to be better at conceptualization?The most efficient way to improve your ability to conceptualize is through the improvement in business acumen. You need to improve your understanding of the industry and the organization by reading relevant reports, books and industry blogs. This can help you see where the industry and organization is heading and better prepare for the future.#7 ForesightAnother relating point to conceptualization is the concept of foresight. Servant leadership requires the ability to foresee likely outcomes through the understanding of the past.There are three key points to foresight in leadership:The ability to learn from past experiencesThe ability to identify what is currently happeningThe ability to understand the consequences of specific decisionsFor both Spears and Greenleaf, foresight is tightly related to intuition. It’s an area where leadership studies have not yet ventured in more detail.Foresight in businessThe role of foresight in business can be examined in almost all the aspects of doing business. During things such as product launches, for example, the business must be able to carefully predict what the outcomes will be.In terms of product launch, it can help to examine the previous product launches and learn from mistakes or successes. You must also be able to understand the current climate in order to make predictions on how well the target market will take to the new product.How to improve foresight?In order to become better at predicting the future, you should improve your analytical skills. This can be done by focusing on your decision-making process and by following up on the decisions you’ve made â€" in short, you need to develop a deeper understanding of the consequences your decisions have.[slideshare id=1488155doc=vistapresentationmay09-090525221514-phpapp01w=640h=330]#8 StewardshipStewardship in servant leadership relates to taking responsibility of your actions and those of the team. The main assumption is to commit to serve the needs of others first. For Greenleaf this means that not only is the organization holding their trust in the leader, the whole organization is to serve the wider community.Stewardship requires openness as well as persuasion. It’s not about controlling the actions, but to rather allow yourself to be accountable.Stewardship in businessBusinesses are not just accountable to the investors, but emphasis should also be put on the stewardship of the wider society. This could mean, for instance, being more open about the practices and operations to allow greater scrutiny. It can also be manifested in community work and sustainable practices.How to include greater stewardship in your leadership?You should start by understanding your own values and how they guide you in your leadership roles. Furthermore, study how those values align with the values of the organization or the team you are leading. Remember that you shouldn’t be afraid of pointing out the situations when the two don’t align.#9 Commitment to the growth of peopleServant leadership model focuses on the intrinsic value people offer outside of their contribution as an employee. Therefore, the aim of a servant leader is to help people realize their potential beyond just the ability to do the job well.Servant leadership requires the commitment to help people realize the personal and professional development potential, as well as to support it. Greenleaf has said, “The secret of institution building is to be able to weld a team of such people by lifting them up to grow taller than they would otherwise be”.Commitment to the growth of people in businessA business must support the training and development of its employees, not just in professional terms but also in personal growth. This means providing funding for courses, books and other such materials, but also actively listening to the ideas that people have.Furthermore, the assistance should go beyon d existing employees and be aimed towards helping employees that have had to leave the organization. If your organization must lay-off staff, the focus should be on promoting their wellbeing until they are back on their feet.How to show your commitment to the growth of people?You can again set an example as a leader by investing in your own personal and professional development. If you are constantly seeking to grow, you provide motivation to the team around you to do the same.In addition, you must also discuss personal and professional goals with your team. By understanding what are the things they want to develop, you can help provide the tools and routes for them to achieve these objectives.Learn more about how to grow your people and the benefits associated with it. #10 Building communityFinally, servant leadership relies on the creation of a community and a sense of togetherness within the organization. To Greenleaf, the creation and the dominance of large institutions have bee n the eroding force in communities. But servant leadership can help re-build this social pact uniting individuals by showing that communities are viable.Greenleaf wrote in his essay, the best way to achieve community in the setting of large institutions might stem from smaller groups. He said, “Achieving many small-scale communities, under the shelter that is best given by bigness, may be the secret of synergy in large institutions”.Building community in businessWith the above in mind, businesses could foster a sense of community by focusing on team building. By creating effective and caring teams, the organization as a whole will become more caring.How to support community building?As a leader, you want to ensure different people within the organization interact with each other. Organizing social events and get-togethers is important. You want to encourage diversity and the flow of opinions within the organization as much as possible.THE QUALITIES OF A SERVANT LEADER © Shutterstock | DooderThe image encapsulates the idea of a servant leader â€" instead of directing others to success, a servant leader helps the team by leading through example.The above ten core elements of servant leadership are also directly related to the characteristics a servant leader should possess and focus on. But there have been further focus on the qualities leaders should have.Russell and Stone proposed a list of 20 attributes servant leaders highlight the most in a 2002 essay A Review of Servant Leadership Attributes: Developing a Practical Model. They further divided these into nine functional attributes and 11 accompanying attributes.The functional attributes to Russell and Stone are intrinsic of servant leaders.VisionHonestyIntegrityTrustServiceModellingPioneeringAppreciationEmpowermentThe accompanying or enhancing attributes are:CommunicationCredibilityCompetencyStewardshipVisibilityInfluencePersuasionListeningEncouragementTeachingDelegationOther theorists have ad ded to the lists and refined it further. Dirk van Dierendonck identified six characteristics of servant behavior in his review of servant leadership writing. His six included empowering and developing people, authenticity, humility, stewardship, interpersonal acceptance and the ability to provide a sense of direction.It’s possible to further identify six key components from the literature. If you want to become a servant leader, you must be:Open-minded â€" Servant leader has to be open-minded because it focuses heavily on the idea of development, collaboration and servitude. You must be open to listen to people’s ideas and to accept their contributions as valuable. It’s crucial that you don’t just passively take this in, but you need to actively seek out differing opinions, new ways of looking at things and routes to try challenge the traditional models.Trustworthy â€" For servant leadership to properly work, the organization must be built on trust between the different shar eholders. If the employees don’t trust the leader, the transformation to a servant leadership won’t take place. Because of the openness, self-awareness and sense of community, trust must be among the first things you establish as a leader.Helpful â€" Servant leaders are promoting self-development and wholeness of one’s self. A leader who lacks empathy and the sense of wanting to help cannot succeed in a servant role. A servant leader is always looking out for ways they can help and improve the employee’s life, whether professional or private.Selfless â€" Servant leaders must also put their own ego and needs aside and focus on the wellbeing of the employee and the whole organization. Furthermore, because of the emphasis on foresight and conceptualization, a good leader doesn’t just think of the present moment when making decisions, but the future generations as well.Aware â€" The awareness of your inner self and the awareness of seeing what the people around you are made of will help become a better servant leader. You need to identify the skills and the value each person brings to a team, but also to identify the consequences of different actions. Being able to understand why people behave the way they do will guide a servant leader to serving better.Accountable â€" Finally, servant leaders should be held accountable. But accountability is not as much about the punishment, but rather a way to understand that everyone makes mistakes.Interestingly, the role of values is highly emphasized in discussion of the attributes of a servant leaders. Russell outlined in 2001 the belief amongst theorists that says much of the above attributes are inner values of the leader. Therefore, the thinking is assuming servant leaders tend to have different value systems, which separates them from other leadership theories.Furthermore, servant leadership theory suggests personal values of the leader can impact the resulting corporate culture. Therefore, a servant leader, j ust by bringing in his or her own value and belief systems, can begin to shift the whole culture towards something unique and different.Concrete studies on the above hypothesis are yet to be conducted. Nonetheless, in a 2005 study by Joseph and Winston, a positive correlation was observed with a set of values and organization performance. When the leader’s values showed honesty, integrity, and benevolence, the organization tended to so more effectiveness and trust.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SERVANT LEADERSHIPJust like other leadership theories, servant leadership has also attracted both negative and positive attention from theorists and business people alike. Let’s examine some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with servant leadership.Advantages of servant leadershipAs Greenleaf himself has written, servant leadership is a long-term concept, which could potentially have an impact on the whole society. It’s therefore a transformative theory that might change t he way people treat leadership, servitude and authority.Servant leadership has been considered especially powerful at a time when corporations have found themselves trying to avoid negative press. The ‘self-serving’ leadership styles have created unhealthy power relations within organizations that many theorists see unattainable. Russell (2001) writes, “Position of power is eroding in many organizations; therefore, leaders must derive their influence from values”.Naturally, at the heart of the theory is the idea of creating better employee-leader relations and this can have a positive impact on a company. A good treatment of employees and their needs have been shown to improve employee satisfaction, which can in turn lead to better customer service and productivity. The tools at the disposal of servant leadership are there.Since servant leadership listens to a variety of opinions and encourages openness and discussion, it has the power to improve innovation within the organi zation. Through the innovation, the organization can foster and gain competitive advantage over its competitors.The openness to ideas and opinion also means servant leadership encourages diversity within the workplace. Unlike in autocratic styles, the more democratic approach to opinions can guarantee employees of different kind don’t start feeling alienated within the organization. If each employee is met with a personalized approach and concern, team cohesion can remain higher, as people don’t feel unfairly treated by the leadership.The theory also has the advantage of emphasizing employee wellbeing and training. Focus on continuous training is important, as it guarantees the workforce is always on top of their skillset and aware of any recent developments. Training can also help secure future leaders for the organization.As the needs of the employee are at the forefront, servant leadership has the power to improve work-life balance and boost employee satisfaction. A servant l eader is more likely to adapt new ideas and schemes that can develop a person’s professional and personal life. These can boost employee loyalty and reduce employee churn.According to Paul T.P. Wong, psychology professor at Tyndale University College, servant leaders “tend to gain a great deal of respect and trust from their employees”, which can promote a higher work morale. This in turn will increase productivity within the organization and improve the bottom line.Learn more about Servant Leadership from Ken Blanchard. Disadvantages of servant leadershipThere has also been criticism directed towards servant leadership. Part of the criticism is based mainly towards the theory and whether it is a fully developed concept of leadership, while others focus on the disadvantages the approach might bring about in business.First, in terms of the functionality of the servant leadership model, writers like Stone, Russell and Patterson critiqued the theory to be “systematically undefi ned and lacking in empirical support” in their 2003 essay Transformational Versus Servant Leadership: A Difference in Leader Focus. Therefore, unlike some other models, servant leadership still needs to develop away from its current rudimentary model.Another criticism of the theory weighs in on the possible patriarchal nature of servant leadership. Deborah Eiche-Catt, among others, has written about the theory being gender-biased. In her 2005 article, the Myth of Servant-Leadership: A Feminist Critique, Eicher-Catt writes the theory “insidiously perpetuates a long-standing masculine-feminine, master-slave political economy”.But the disadvantages aren’t just related to the theory side of servant leadership. Others have argued the theory is unrealistic in its approach to workplace relationships.Servant leadership is critiqued by its soft approach in a competitive business environment. As the focus is on ‘serving’ and ‘inspiring’, the organization might suffer from dilu ted accountability and responsibility. In short, are operational failures the fault of the person who didn’t ‘inspire’ enough or the responsibility of the employee who didn’t perform the job?[slideshare id=28089696doc=ryan-cugold-leadhumbly-131110112246-phpapp02w=640h=330]Brighthub’s post on servant leadership also identified key business situations when the approach might not be effective enough. These included:A servant leader might not be able to maintain the approach of persuasion if the situation is severe and calls for a more direct approach. Such situations could arise when an employee is behaving in a difficult manner or there’s a crisis within the company.Openness is a key characteristic of servant leadership, but it might not be viable in situations when confidentiality is key. Companies might also be faced with clear legal reasons for hiding certain information from employees.The organization’s focus on individual wellbeing and personal development might suf fer in the event of market upheaval and downsizing.Overall, the emphasis on individual needs and aspirations can hinder how well the company is able to achieve its organizational goals. It can create a conflict of interest between the values and objectives of the employee and the organization. Therefore, servant leadership doesn’t necessarily answer the problem of individual-organization fit.EXAMPLES OF FAMOUS SERVANT LEADERSOrganizations have taken on servant leadership and reaped its benefits. Below are a few examples of leaders and organizations, implementing this transformative theory.Abraham LincolnThe US president is often considered an excellent example of a servant leader. Dr Charles M. Hubbard, executive director of the Abraham Lincoln Institute for the Study of Leadership and Public Policy, writes that Lincoln possessed the two main characteristics of a servant leader. First, the idea of sustainable change that lasts through the ages; i.e. the long-term change needed in servant leadership.But in addition, Lincoln also revolutionized the organization of the US government and empower the citizens to seek something greater. He embodied the idea of serving the greater good of the people. According to Hubbard, Lincoln didn’t seek the presidency for the sake of power, but rather as he felt it was the ultimate position to serve the people of the country.In terms of leadership lessons Lincoln’s servant leadership can teach to modern leaders, Hubbard says the most profound is the idea that:“True leadership is not about power over others. It should be about change for the better regardless of the organization you are leading.”Martin Luther KingIf you are looking for a modern servant leader, then the example of Dr Martin Luther King is a powerful one. James Perry wrote in the Huffington Post in 2010 that Dr King thought people the true ideals of a servant leader â€" “one who offers an inclusive vision; listens carefully to others; persuades through reason; and heals divisions while building community”.Perhaps different to other servant leaders, Dr King understood the long-term implications of the idea. He once said, “Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle”. He wasn’t interested in the personal accolades, but for the justice and equality of all people. He knew that by helping others and enabling them to reach greatness, he could enjoy more in the present.TDIndustriesTDIndustries is an American company closely associated with the servant leadership theory. The company’s founder Jack Lowe Sr. read about servant leadership and the concept had a profound impact on him. He later implemented the model in his burgeoning company.The company has truly taken with the theory and employees are required to take courses on servant leadership. Furthermore, supervisors within the company are regularly assessed on how well they are implementing the ideals of Greenleaf and others.M aureen Underwood, VP of the people department at TDIndustries, told Axiom News, commitment to the idea requires plenty of work and dedication. She said the whole concept boils down to the idea of personal values. “It’s just about being a person who listens, a leader who is dedicated to growing people,” Underwood said.The company also shows its commitment to the principle of building a community and taking care of its employees through the way it deals with profit. TDIndustries divides around 30% of the profits between the retirement savings plan and employment stock ownership plan. In addition, it doesn’t have any separate schemes for its executives â€" all are equal within the company.Festival FoodsFestival Foods is a relatively small business chain in the US, which adopted servant leadership over a decade ago. In Success, chairman David Skogen explained the philosophy and how the company has benefited from the approach.According to Skogen, the servant leadership idea the c ompany uses the most is the idea of persuasion, or in their case “remind more than instruct”. The company’s employees gather every morning and go through the performance of yesterday. It’s a common practice of comparing annual sales and identifying things that have been different, as well as outlining the road forward.But in addition, servant leadership changes have added an element of having each person at the meeting a chance to input their own ideas, hopes and dreams to the conversation. According to Skogen, these can range from ideas regarding the organization’s operations to personal ideas such as asking for prayers.The idea is to provide an opportunity for everyone to speak. This creates an atmosphere of openness within the organization. It also ensures the communication lines between the people at the top and below are open. Skogen says it creates a ‘trickle down effect’ of servitude and helpfulness.Furthermore, Skogen reminds that servant leadership isn’t eas y and it didn’t result in an overnight change in corporate culture. But there was a shift in attitude that meant employees and leaders started a day thinking, “It’s a privilege to work for us and just be thankful you have a job”.Finally, check out the below clip by CNN on how servant leadership shows on Kimpton’s business model: FINAL THOUGHTSWhile servant leadership is still in infancy when it comes to being a complete theory, it is becoming increasingly popular amongst leadership theories. It’s focus on a community and the ‘common good’, instead of the personal interests of the leaders or the organization is appealing in the current climate of rising inequality.The theory relies strongly on the philosophical ideals of who is a servant leader and what does the servant leader do. It removes leadership from the traditional notion of viewing leaders as isolated and in control. In effect, it creates a more democratic and people-centered approach.At its heart, servant le adership isn’t as much about providing a set of tools or concepts a leader can work with, but more an outline of a good leader who’s inner values will guide towards better leadership. The problem is that while the theory explains what and who is a servant leader, it doesn’t yet fully explain why the actions are important or what are the organizational benefits of the approach.

The Controversy Of Animal Testing - 1910 Words

â€Å"Lots of people talk to animals†¦Not very many listen, though†¦That’s the problem†(Ben Hoffman). The controversy of animal testing is phenomenal; it always has been. I remember dissecting animals throughout my years of school in the name of science. It was only until recently that I started questioning the government s methods to teach us. We dissected a dog shark in my oceanography class last year. There had to been at least 80 dead sharks in about four different buckets; that was when it crossed the line. I understood a lamb eye or something, but breeding sharks in captivity just so they can be killed? Animal testing is wrong in every way to me. I understand that there are different forms of animal testing. There is medical which I can agree with. Then there is the testing for the name of science. Then there is animal testing for cosmetics. To me that is downright wrong. This testing on animals for cosmetic purposes is a problem that needs a major sol ution. Even though there are the benefits, there are the cons to it, the horrible effects done to the animals, the countless lives lost, there needs to be a solution. In 1944 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) toxicologist John H. Draize created the Draize Test to diagnose effects of new cosmetics developed. This test is still used by some companies today despite it being known as a painful test. The test procedures require for the substance being tested put under the animals eye or skin for hours on end toShow MoreRelatedThe Controversy Of Animal Testing946 Words   |  4 PagesI have no voice, but I must scream The controversy behind animals as research subjects is mainly one of morals and the ethical treatment of said animals. Many people believe we should use them in this way, so we aren t actually harming people in the pursuit for better things for humans. 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Every year, over 100 million animals sit in U.S laboratories waiting to be burn ed, crippled, poisoned and abused (â€Å"11 Facts about Animal Testing† par.1). a. Animals deserve the same security and wellbeing as humans and therefore should not be subjected to that kind of neglect and abuse. b. Animals that are a part of some kind of new medication research rarely make it out alive. In fact, 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials because theyRead MoreAnimal Testing Is It s Bad And Good At The Sametime866 Words   |  4 Pages The controversy on animal testing is that it s bad and good at the sametime. It s based on protecting humans, not simply producing new life-saving drugs although this is seen as a priority another reason is that animal testing involves the inability of animals to consent to the tests. Humans, it is argued, can make an informed decision to consent while animals have tests forced upon them, with no choice. The controversy started in Abuses of animals during testing were well publicised throughoutRead MoreShould Animals Be Torture And Abused?1178 Words   |  5 PagesWhy should animals have to be torture and abused? Is it because they are not human? Is it because they are not capable of stoppi ng us? Animal use for drug experimentation has sparked controversy around the world. So why are animals for harmful testing? Each year millions of animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, and primates suffer through excruciating amounts of physical and mental torture. In recent years, the use of these animals has been has been strictly criticized by numerous animal rights groups

Understanding Preferred Learning Styles Essay - 1225 Words

Each person has their own type of learning style. A learning style is a method in which each of us utilizes to better understand material. A preferred learning style is a style in which the person can learn best, reflecting their strengths and weaknesses of the individual. In order to understand material we take it all in with our senses, through sight, sound, touch, smell or taste. Multiple Intelligence theory maintains that there are at least seven learning styles (â€Å"intelligences†): interpersonal, intra-personal, body/kinesthetic, visual/spatial, mathematical/logical, verbal/linguistic and musical/rhythmic (Lazear, D.1991). For the purposes of this paper I will simplify the seven categories into three main categories in which people†¦show more content†¦They are able to vividly remember lessons by verbally repeating them over and over again. Auditory learners interpret meanings of speech through listening to the tone of voice, and pitch. They usually lac k a strong visual conception of data; therefore written information will have little to no meaning until it is heard. Auditory learners will often have some type of musical talent because they can hear tones, individual notes and rhythms stronger than others. They are more likely to remember peoples’ names but forget their faces. They are easily distracted by noise, games and pictures and may seem to be listening to what is going on inside them rather than to the person they are communicating with. There are many tips to help auditory learners retain information such as recording lectures to play back, using syllables and by explaining their material to a study partner which helps to listen and reintegrate what was being said. The best method to use when working with this type of learner is to always talk in real time. Visual learners are those that learn from looking at a picture or written instructions rather than listening to lecture or a speech. Visual learners may have problems staying attentive on a phone call because they have nothing to visually see in front of them. They make up most of the population and view the big picture ofShow MoreRelatedWK 2 Research Article Analysis Paper1085 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã‚   Research Article Analysis Angie Downs COMM/600 December 1, 2014 Linda Research Article Analysis This research article analysis is over the article Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination which is published in the Clearing House Journal and written by Lori Woeste and Beverly Barham. This article can also be found in Week One Electronic Reserve Readings. In this analysis a summary of the article willRead MoreThe Analysis : The Vark Questionnaire987 Words   |  4 PagesVARK Analyze Paper: The VARK Questionnaire According to Marcy (2001), â€Å"Learning styles† is a term used to refer to the way someone gathers, process, interprets, organizes, and thinks about information. However, each person has a different style or preference of learning, and being able to identify or understand someone’s learning styles is very important in the learning or teaching process. In the Fleming’s model, also known as VARK, an acronym stands for Visual, Auditory/aural, Read/write, andRead MoreEssay about Vark Learning Style Analysis806 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: V.A.R.K. LEARNING STYLE ANALYSIS V.A.R.K. Learning Style Analysis Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion: NRS 429v Melanie Escobar, RN MSN March 11, 2012 V.A.R.K. Learning Style Analysis Introduction From the time of birth, individuals are constantly learning. 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Students may have a preferred style but this doesn’t mean that educators should use just one form to accommodate an individual’s style. Using a multitude of styles will keep a student’s interest and will ensure a more solid understanding of the information presented. Many researchers believe that everyone has a preferred learning style and have developed a list of questions and if answered truthfully,Read MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1002 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreVark Learning Styles899 Words   |  4 PagesVARK Analysis Every one has a mix of learning styles; some people may find that they have a dominant style of learning, with far less use of other styles in different circumstances. There is neither right or wrong style nor your style is fixed, you can develop your less dominant style and make improvement in your dominant ones. Your learning styles have more influence on your learning than you know it, they guide the way you learn. They also change the way you retain information and perceive experiencesRead MoreEducation Is Part Of Everyday Life1037 Words   |  5 Pageseducation and learn all aspect of life, learning must take place. Everyone is different and has individual styles of learning. Learning styles is defined as an individual’s mode of gaining knowledge, especially a preferred or best method (dictionary.com) Therefore, individual must have a better way of teaching others, and same goes to the person receiving the teaching. Learning is optimized by providing instructional method in means suitable for individual’s learning styles. The VARK questionnaire or knownRead MoreVARK analysis paper660 Words   |  3 PagesClick OK to receive your questionnaire scores. Once you have determined your preferred learning style, review the corresponding link to view your learning preference. Review the other learning styles: visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic, and multimodal (listed on the VARK Questionnaire Results page). Compare your preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style. Appraise how this will change your way of studying, if any. In a paper (750-1,000Read MoreThe Objective Of Learning Styles966 Words   |  4 PagesThe objective of learning is to understand information intended to be learned. According to Brown (2000) learning styles is defined as the manner in which individuals perceive and process information in learning situations (Journal of Studies in Education, 2012). Depending on one s perspective, preferred learning styles help defined in multiple ways to get the most out of any learning or teaching experience. There are several ways to evaluate a person’s learning style, preference, and strategies

The Necklace Free Essays

The Necklace About the Author Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850, to an affluent family at the Chateau de Miromesnil, in France. As a child, Guy adored his mother and loathed his absent father. His mother was very literary and passed on her love of books to her son, Guy, and his brother, Herve. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necklace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of Guy’s childhood was spent in the countryside playing sports or simply spending time outdoors. Point of View Third-Person Omniscient The story’s focus is certainly on Mathilde, but the narrator does not speak from her point of view. Instead, he talks about Mathilde as if he were from the outside looking in. When he brings her up at the beginning, she’s just â€Å"one of those girls† (1). It sounds like he’s seen a lot more of them than just this one. That’s omniscient, all right. Mathilde’s also not the only character whose thoughts he can see into; he’s able to speak into her husband’s thoughts just as easily, when he wants to. Overview Mathilde Loisel is â€Å"pretty and charming† but feels she has been born into a family of unfavorable economic status. She was married off to a lowly clerk in the Ministry of Education, who can afford to provide her only with a modest though not uncomfortable lifestyle. Mathilde feels the burden of her poverty intensely. She regrets her lot in life and spends endless hours imagining a more extravagant existence. While her husband expresses his pleasure at the small, modest supper she has prepared for him, she dreams of an elaborate feast served on fancy china and eaten in the company of wealthy friends. She possesses no fancy jewels or clothing, yet these are the only things she lives for. Without them, she feels she is not desirable. She has one wealthy friend, Madame Forestier, but refuses to visit her because of the heartbreak it brings her. Theme The Necklace Theme of Wealth â€Å"The Necklace† gets its title from the gorgeous piece of diamond jewelry that drives the story’s plot. The expensive nature of the necklace is not the only way in which wealth is central to this story. The main character of â€Å"The Necklace† is obsessed with wealth. She wants nothing else than to escape from her shabby middle-class life with a shabby middle-class husband and live the glamorous life for which she was born. She’s so jealous of her one wealthy friend it hurts. When Mathilde’s given the chance to get decked out in diamonds and go to a ritzy party to mingle with all the beautiful people, it seems like her dreams have finally become a reality. Then she loses the borrowed diamond necklace, gets cast into poverty, and learns what it means to truly live without money. The Necklace Theme of Women and Femininity Mathilde Loisel, the main character of â€Å"The Necklace,† is a 19th century French version of a desperate housewife. Because she’s a woman in a man’s world, she has almost no control over her life. She finds herself married to a husband she doesn’t care for, and cooped up in a house she despises. What she wants more than anything else is to be desirable to other men. And what’s particularly irritating is that she has all the â€Å"womanly virtues† she needs in order to be desirable: she’s charming, graceful, beautiful. She’s just doesn’t have the necessary wealth. Does Mathilde Loisel capture the tragic plight of the modern, middle-class woman? Is she a victim of the patriarchal society in which she lives? Or is she just a shallow and materialistic character? Characters * Madame Jeanne Forestier Madame Forestier is a school friend of Mathilde Loisel, and she lends her the necklace that Madame Loisel wears to the ball. Madame Mathilde Loisel It is Madame Loisel’s desire to be part of the upper class which sets the story’s events in motion. * Monsieur Loisel Monsieur Loisel’s complacency and contentment with his social situation contrasts markedly with his wife’s desire to experience life among the social elite. Set tings It is set in 19th century Paris, France The events take place at Rue de Martyrs where the Loisels live The Seine-Mathilde waits for a cab The Palais Royal- Mathilde buys a necklace to replace the lost one The Champ Elysees- The street where Mathilde meets Madame Forestier Plot Conflict It’s a party and I’ll cry if I want to†¦ The action proper begins when M. Loisel (Mathilde’s husband) comes home with the invitation to the fabulous ball and Mathilde reacts by having a fit. Now we have a specific problem: Mathilde’s now has the best opportunity she’s ever had to have a taste of the high life, but she has nothing to wear. That problem sets the rest of the plot in motion. Complication Diamonds are this girl’s best friend Mathilde solves the first problem when her husband gives her money for a dress. But then she runs into a second problem: she’s needs to have some jewels. Luckily, her friend Mme. Forestier is able to provide her with a fabulous diamond necklace. But now Mathilde’s been entrusted with something expensive that belongs to someone else and we have the potential for disaster. It’s true that the complication is often when things â€Å"get worse,† and that doesn’t really happen here (for that, we have to wait for the climax). In fact, after borrowing the necklace, Mathilde has the time of her life. But it’s when she borrows the necklace that the possibility opens up for something really bad to happen†¦and it does. Climax The necklace is missing! Mathilde’s discovery is the most exciting and dramatic moment in the story (until that crazy twist in the last line). It’s also the turning point in the plot. Before, the story was a build-up to Mathilde’s one glorious night with the rich and famous. Now it transitions into a desperate search. We have a feeling things are not going to end well. Suspense Diamonds, when lost, are a girl’s worst nightmare After the loss of the necklace, we’re kept in constant suspense. First, there’s the search for the necklace: will it be found? When it becomes clear it isn’t going to be, the question becomes: what will the Loisels do? Will they find a replacement? And when they do, the question is: how the are they going to pay for it? It turns out paying for it takes quite a toll on them – their lives are ruined for ten years. Denouement A fateful stroll down the Champs Elysees When Mathilde meets Mme. Forestier on the Champs Elysees, it looks like we’re just about to tie up the last loose end in the story. The main action is over – the Loisels have finally finished paying off their debts for the necklace. All that remains is for Mathilde to see whether her friend ever noticed the substitute necklace, and tell her the sad story of the whole affair. But then things don’t quite wrap up the way we expect. Conclusion Come on baby, let’s do the twist†¦ Sometimes critics say that the twist ending is the climax of the story. You could think that the twist is the most exciting moment of the story, and represents a turning point since it reverses everything that came before. But we’re sticking to our guns, and saying that the twist ending isn’t the climax, but the conclusion. A climax is technically the point of the plot that everything builds up to, and that’s not true of the twist. What makes the twist so effective is that by the time it happens the plot has already â€Å"risen and fallen,† and seems to be wrapping up naturally. Then, right in the denouement, everything changes. Unlike your run-of-the-mill conclusion, this conclusion is exciting, and it upsets everything. Analysis â€Å"The Necklace† clearly demonstrates Maupassant’s fixation with facts and observations. Rather than explore Mathilde’s yearning for wealth or unhappiness with her life, Maupaussant simply tells us about her unhappiness and all the things she desires. At the end of the story, he provides no moral commentary or explanation about Mathilde’s reaction to Madame Forestier’s shocking revelation; he simply reports events as they happen. There is no pretense, idealizing, or artifice to Maupaussant’s prose or treatment of his characters. How to cite The Necklace, Essay examples

Laboratory and My Last Duchess free essay sample

It is important to be able to define what disturbed actually means in order to answer this question to a high standard of explanation. Disturbed is an adjective and it is the showing of symptoms of mental illness, severe psychosis and neurosis. It is also useful to consider the audiences of each poem or play to elaborate on explanations. Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, is set during the eleventh century is about the emotional manipulation of individuals and the lust for power and the upmost authority over a victorious Scotland featuring an Elizabethan audience whereas Robert Brownings poems, Laboratory and My Last Duchess, is about the overcoming of Jealously and betrayal set during the Victorian era with a Victorian audience. Macbeth in the beginning of the play is a noble, humble and honourable person who, without question would sacrifice his life for the liberty of his King, Duncan. As the play progresses he attitude towards life in general changes completely, mainly due to the pressure that Lady Macbeth inflicts on him. We will write a custom essay sample on Laboratory and My Last Duchess or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Lady Macbeth has quite a surprising personality as she is not the stereotypical Elizabethan woman. Lady Macbeth is expected to be fragile, meek, innocent and comforting but in this unusual circumstance Lady Macbeth would very much rather dashed the brains out of an infant child. This is plain evidence to suggest that Lady Macbeth is of no stable condition. In addition to this surprising fact Lady Macbeth is cunning and bloodthirsty. She demands Macbeth in Act one, Scene Five to look like thinnocent flower, but be the serpent undert. It is very common for a man to demand a female to pursue tasks but for a woman to demand a man, especially of something like acrilege, is very unusual. This could mean two things, Macbeth is weak and is unable to depict his own decisions or/and that Macbeth is mentally deteriorating. Macbeth reason with Lady Macbeths orders in his soliloquy in Act one, Scene seven and from the things he points out such as his faculties are so meek gives the reader/viewer sympathy for Macbeth suggests that Macbeth is of a stable condition and is able to rationalize his views and interpretation we will proceed no further in this business. Lady Macbeth realises that herself and Macbeth in Act one, Scene Five are too full 0th milk of human kindness and therefore aggressively requests to the spirits unsex me here and fill me here from the crown to the toe-top full of direst cruelty. The tone and images that are tagged along with this quote are very dark and cold hearted, also notice the word used to describe the type of cruelty, full of direst cruelty. Not only does Lady Macbeth want to be cruel but she wants to be completely full of the direst cruelty. It is at this exact point when it becomes possible to claim hat Lady Macbeth is at the top of the spiral to insanity. The choice of language is compelling as if she felt no sympathy for King Duncan. Lady Macbeth uses harsh and violent sounding vocabulary to stress her ambitions Hie thee hither, the use of alliteration attracts the attention of audience signifying that she purposely wants people to know really how serious she is similarly in Laboratory the persona demonstrates her willingness to commit a felony Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste, pound at thy powder, there is a use ot harsh and violent sounding ocabulary and there is a use of alliteration to make an appeal to the audience. During the Elizabethan era a particular doctrine was in place because of the religious relationship involved with that patriarchal society, a feudal system was in place meaning that Sacrilege was unfaithful to such an extent that Hell was certain to be your destination. The fact that Lady Macbeth urges Macbeth to commit sacrilege is, without saying, disturbing because the King (especially at that time) is Gods representative and killing God Just to achieve power is so insane that you could argue hat she is demon possessed. Macbeth and the poem Laboratory are both similar in terms of the unusual language used, Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, a quote by Macbeth in his final soliloquy, in act five, scene five, before to his soliloquy Lady Macbeth had committed suicide which was inevitably an act of sin and therefore the afterlife would be spend in hell for eternity Weld Jump the life to come. But in these cases We still have Judgment here, which meant Macbeth and Lady Macbeth (at least Macbeth) were both aware that they had committed felonies uring their current life including sacrilege giving the idea that Macbeth was aware of his wrongdoings telling us that Macbeth was not psychotically weak but instead attempted to improvise the situation so at least he had something to live for. This also gives the audience sympathy for Macbeth because he is able to rationalize his opinions and Justifications. The persona uses similar unusual language to Macbeth And her breasts and her arms should drop dead! Stanza six, the repetition of the connective and in the Macbeth and the Laboratory poem is used to emphasis their eelings and emotions. In addition to this the persona in Laboratory uses an exclamation mark at the end of her sentence revealing to us that she is certain that she wants this devil orientated scenario to occur in reality, on the other hand, Macbeth says his quote (mentioned above) in a calm, soothing manner. I am able to say this because Macbeth uses no form of extreme punctuation to object otherwise. This obviously is a difference suggesting that Macbeth is in fact sane because he is clearly pointing out that he has realised that lifes but a walking shadow. There are indeed multiple differences that make Laboratory and Macbeth very unalike indeed. The largest and most obvious variance between these two highly interpreted pieces of literature is that Laboratory is actually a poem of emotion and the outburst of frustration. The persona in Laboratory can be argued to be neurotic because of her intentions but these are Just intentions whereas in Macbeth Lady Macbeths intentions are fulfilled, the killing of King Duncan. Laboratory is very much an extreme retaliation of revenge and hatred.

Here Come the Candidates

Here Come the Candidates Here Come the Candidates Here Come the Candidates By Maeve Maddox The first Tuesday in November is known as Election Day in the United States. It is the day on which political candidates are voted in or out of office. The word candidate is an example of how ancient customs become embedded in language. In ancient Rome, a person running for an elected office wore a brightly bleached toga. Candidatus means white-robed. The word for the clothing became attached to the person. The Latin noun candidum, meaning white, pure, or sincere, came from a verb meaning to shine. Our word candle is related to these words. The adjective candid shares the same etymology. A candid person is honest, forthright, and free of deception. A candid photo is one that is not posed. Candid Camera was a popular television show produced by Allen Funt that began as a radio show, Candid Microphone, in 1947. It was perhaps the earliest reality show. Funt and his assistants would set up a hidden camera and play various tricks on passers-by, recording their spontaneous reactions. The protagonist of Voltaires little book of the same name is called Candide because of his innocent, open nature. George Bernard Shaws play Candida features a woman of that name who is motivated by honesty and self-awareness. Lets hope that all those candidates who win on Election Day will be candid with their constituents. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Dissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Definition of American Lyceum Movement

Definition of American Lyceum Movement The American Lyceum Movement inspired a popular trend of adult education  in the 1800s as scholars, authors, and even local citizens, would give lectures to local chapters of the organization. Town lyceums became important gathering places for civically engaged Americans. Lyceum speakers came to include luminaries such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. A future president, Abraham Lincoln, gave his first public address at a Lyceum meeting in his adopted hometown of Springfield, Illinois, on a winter night in 1838. originated with Josiah Holbrook, a teacher and amateur scientist who became a passionate advocate for volunteer educational institutions in towns and villages. The name lyceum came from the Greek word for the public meeting space where Aristotle lectured. Holbrook began a lyceum in Millbury, Massachusetts in 1826. The organization would host educational lectures and programs, and with Holbrook’s encouragement the movement spread to other towns in New England. Within two years, approximately 100 lyceums had been started in New England and in the Middle Atlantic states. In 1829, Holbrook published a book, American Lyceum, which described his vision of a lyceum and gave practical advice for organizing and maintaining one. The opening of Holbrooks book stated: â€Å"A Town Lyceum is a voluntary association of individuals disposed to improve each other in useful knowledge, and to advance the interests of their schools. To gain the first object, they hold weekly or other stated meetings, for reading, conversation, discussion, illustrating the sciences, or other exercises designed for their mutual benefit; and, as it is found convenient, they collect a cabinet, consisting of apparatus for illustrating the sciences, books, minerals, plants, or other natural or artificial productions.† Holbrook listed some of the â€Å"advantages which have already arisen from the Lyceums,† which included: The improvement of conversation. Holbrook wrote: â€Å"Subjects of science, or other topics of useful knowledge, take the place of frivolous conversation, or petty scandal, frequently indulged, and uniformly deplored, in our country villages.†Directing amusements for children. In other words, providing activities that would be useful or educational.Calling into use neglected libraries. Holbrook noted that libraries in small communities often fell into disuse, and he believed the educational activity of a lyceum would encourage people to patronize libraries.Increasing the advantages, and raising the character of, district schools. At a time when public education was often haphazard and disorganized, Holbrook believed that community members involved in a lyceum would be a useful adjunct to local classrooms. In his book, Holbrook also advocated for a â€Å"National Society for the improvement of popular education.† In 1831 a National Lyceum organization was started and it specified a constitution for lyceums to follow. The Lyceum Movement Spread Widely Holbrook’s book and his ideas proved to be extremely popular. By the mid-1830s the Lyceum Movement had grown enormously. More than 3,000 lyceums were operating in the United States, a remarkable number considering the small size of the young nation. The most prominent lyceum was one organized in Boston, which was led by Daniel Webster, renowned lawyer, orator, and political figure. A particularly memorable lyceum was the one at Concord, Massachusetts, as it was regularly attended by authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Both men were known to deliver addresses at the lyceum that would later be published as essays. For instance, the Thoreau essay later titled â€Å"Civil Disobedience† was presented in its earliest form as a lecture at the Concord Lyceum in January 1848. Lyceums Were Influential in American Life The lyceums scattered throughout the nation were gathering places of local leaders, and many political figures of the day got their start by addressing a local lyceum. Abraham Lincoln, at the age of 28, gave a speech to the lyceum in Springfield, Illinois in 1838, ten years before he would be elected to Congress and 22 years before he would be elected president. By speaking at the Lyceum, Lincoln followed a familiar path of other young aspiring politicians. The Lyceum Movement gave them a chance to gain some respect in their local communities, and helped lead the way toward political careers. And in addition to homegrown speakers, lyceums were also known to host prominent traveling speakers. The records of the Concord Lyceum indicate that visiting speakers included the newspaper editor Horace Greeley, the minister Henry Ward Beecher, and the abolitionist Wendell Phillips. Ralph Waldo Emerson was in demand as a lyceum speaker, and made a living traveling and giving lectures at lyceums. Attending lyceum programs were a very popular form in entertainment in many communities, especially during winter nights. The Lyceum Movement peaked in the years before the Civil War, though it did have a revival in the decades after the war. Later Lyceum speakers included the author Mark Twain, and the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, who would give lectures on temperance. Sources: Josiah Holbrook. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 7, Gale, 2004, pp. 450-451. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Ljungquist, Kent P. Lyceums.  American History Through Literature 1820-1870, edited by Janet Gabler-Hover and Robert Sattelmeyer, vol. 2, Charles Scribners Sons, 2006, pp. 691-695.  Gale Virtual Reference Library. Holbrook, J. Josiah Holbrooks Letter on the Farmers Lyceum.  American Eras: Primary Sources, edited by Sara Constantakis, et al., vol. 4: Reform Era and Eastern U.S. Development, 1815-1850, Gale, 2014, pp. 130-134.  Gale Virtual Reference Library.